The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has reported a 43.6% increase in infrastructure investment at the country's four largest airports—Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney—amounting to $1.5 billion for the 2024-25 financial year. This surge in investment is aimed at expanding capacity, upgrading terminals, and improving access, marking a significant shift from the lower investment levels seen post-pandemic.

Over the next decade, these airports plan to invest nearly $20 billion in major infrastructure projects, including new terminals and runways. ACCC Commissioner Anna Brakey emphasized the necessity of ongoing investment to meet the demands of approximately 120 million passengers expected in 2024-25. However, she warned that the increased capital expenditure could lead to higher airport charges for airlines, which may ultimately be passed on to passengers in the form of increased airfares.

The ACCC has raised concerns about the lack of regulation on airport charges, suggesting that the current monitoring framework is inadequate. To address the market power held by these major airports, the ACCC recommends implementing binding commercial arbitration for disputes between airports and airlines and improving financial data transparency.

Despite the challenges, the four airports reported record revenues of $2.9 billion from aeronautical operations in 2024-25, with Sydney Airport leading in profitability. Passenger growth has slowed, but international travel remains strong, contributing to the overall increase in airport revenues. The ACCC's monitoring role is established under the Airports Act 1996, ensuring oversight of prices, costs, and profits related to aeronautical and car parking services.