The CNMC has conducted two studies analyzing the operation of key services in Spain's general interest ports, revealing a lack of competition and inefficient regulation.

These studies focus on services provided directly to ships, such as pilotage, towing, and bunkering, as well as cargo handling and passenger services. The findings indicate that many of these services operate under monopolistic conditions, primarily due to regulatory barriers, licensing systems, and concession agreements.

To enhance competition and efficiency, the CNMC recommends several reforms, including updating regulatory frameworks, promoting transparency in concessions, and eliminating legal monopolies in services like pilotage. The authority emphasizes that fostering competition could lead to lower costs, improved service quality, and increased economic activity in the ports.

Specific recommendations include revising licensing systems, increasing flexibility in labor organization, and enhancing the regulatory environment to encourage investment in automation. The CNMC aims to ensure that consumers benefit from a more competitive market in port services.